What characterizes fluent, automatic reading?

Fluent, automatic reading is characterized by the ability to read without effort. This means that a reader can process text quickly and smoothly, without needing to pause frequently to decode words or figure out their meanings. Fluent reading involves a level of proficiency where readers can recognize words instantly and understand the flow of the text, leading to better comprehension. This ease allows readers to focus more on the meaning of what they are reading, rather than getting bogged down by the mechanics of reading itself. Key aspects of fluent reading include the ability to read with appropriate speed, accuracy, and expression, which collectively contribute to a seamless reading experience.

The other options have their own merits but do not capture the essence of fluent reading in the same way. For example, reading out loud to others is a practice that can help develop fluency but does not define it. Understanding the underlying meaning is crucial for comprehension, yet it doesn’t specifically relate to the automaticity of recognizing and processing words. Similarly, while recognizing words visually is an important skill in reading, it alone does not encompass the fluent, effortless execution of reading that defines the correct response.